Funding agencies tend to allocate (scarce) resources using a bottom-up competitive process. This paper analyzes the determinants and the consequences of the choices made in each of the stages of the funding process. We build on previous research (Banal-Estañol, Macho-Stadler, and Pérez-Castrillo 2013, 2018, and 2019) using, and present new results based on, one of the major public organizations funding academic research worldwide: the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.