Centralized vs Decentralized Markets: The Role of Connectivity

• Authors: Simone Alfarano, Albert Banal-Estañol, Eva Camacho, Giulia Iori, Burcu Kapar and Rohit Rahi
• BSE Working Paper: 1420 | February 2026
• JEL codes: C92, D82, G14
• Networks, February 2026

We consider a setting in which privately informed agents are located in a network and trade a risky asset with other agents with whom they are directly connected. We compare the performance, both theoretically and experimentally, of a complete network (centralized market) to incomplete networks with differing levels of connectivity (decentralized markets). We show that decentralized markets can deliver higher informational efficiency, with prices closer to fundamentals, as well as higher welfare for mean-variance investors.