I study the role of firms’ balance sheet liquidity in the transmission of monetary policy to investment. In response to monetary contractions, U.S. firms with fewer liquid asset holdings reduce investment relatively more. I analyze the mechanism, and rationalize the results using a heterogeneous firm macroeconomic model with financial constraints, debt issuance costs, and differential returns on cash and borrowing. In the calibrated model, the direct channel of monetary transmission is considerably weaker than in a canonical framework ignoring liquidity considerations. Also, liquidity notice- ably affects firms’ investment responses in partial equilibrium, yet general equilibrium effects dampen its influence on aggregates.
